解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Voltage-gated K(+) channels are key regulators of neuronal excitability. The Kv2.1 voltage-gated K(+) channel is the major delayed rectifier K(+) channel expressed in most central neurons, where it exists as a highly phosphorylated protein. Kv2.1 plays a critical role in homoeostatic regulation of intrinsic neuronal e...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351064
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family of lipid kinases regulate cell motility in diverse organisms and cell types. In mammals, the main PI3K enzyme activated by chemokine receptor signalling is the class IB isoform, p110gamma. Studies of p110gamma-knockout mice have shown an essential function for this isoform i...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351109
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is found in various plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. It is also present in wines, especially red wines. During the last years, it has been the focus of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies investigating its biological attributes, which include mainly antioxidant a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351156
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The calcium-sensing receptor is a multimodal, multimetabolic sensor that mediates the feedback-dependent control of whole body calcium metabolism. Remarkably, in addition to its role in Ca(2+)(o) (extracellular Ca(2+)) sensing, the CaR (Ca(2+)-sensing receptor) also responds to L-amino acids. L-amino acids appear to a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351195
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A decline in mitochondrial function has long been shown to exist in neurodegenerative disease. Whether this decline is a secondary consequence of other factors or whether it causes the eventual death of a cell is unknown. In this review, we will discuss some of the major evidence surrounding mitochondrial DNA mutation...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351232
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is emerging in the eyes of many as the most promising candidate of all the schizophrenia risk genes. This viewpoint is derived from the combination of genetic, clinical, imaging and rapidly advancing cell biology data around this gene. All of these areas have been reviewed extensiv...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351283
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resistance-exercise training results in a progressive increase in muscle mass and force production. Following an acute bout of resistance exercise, the rate of protein synthesis increases proportionally with the increase in protein degradation, correlating at 3 h in the starved state. Amino acids taken immediately bef...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351314
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in developed countries such as the U.K., but incidence rates around the world vary approx. 20-fold. Diet is thought to be a key factor determining risk: red and processed meat, but not white meat or fish, are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351355
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The avascular nature of the human intervertebral disc is thought to reduce the ability of resident disc cells to maintain their extracellular matrix, rendering the tissue susceptible to degeneration. It has also been suggested that the lack of a blood supply may result in disc cell death via nutrient deprivation. Ther...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350680
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The secretin receptor is prototypic of Class II GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors), based on its structural and functional characteristics and those of its natural agonist ligand. Secretin represents a linear 27-residue peptide with diffuse pharmacophoric domain. The secretin receptor includes the typical signature s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350709
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A full picture of the similarities between Family A and Family B GPCRs (G-protein coupled receptors) has been frustrated by the lack of clear homology between the respective sequences. Here, we review previous computational studies on GPCR dimerization in which the putative dimerization interfaces have been analysed u...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350749
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proline-rich cell-penetrating peptides, particularly the SAP (sweet arrow peptide), (VRLPPP)(3), have been proposed to be useful intracellular delivery vectors, as a result of their lack of cytotoxicity combined with their capacity to be internalized by cells. A common limitation of the therapeutic use of peptides is ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350794
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic and epidemiologic studies support the idea that the type of dietary fat is more important than the total amount of fat with respect to the development of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular heart disease. Dietary fat is carried in CMs (chylomicrons), which can be taken up by macrophages without ne...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350470
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many proteins self-assemble to form large supramolecular complexes. Numerous examples of these structures have been characterized, ranging from spherical viruses to tubular protein assemblies. Some new kinds of supramolecular structures are just coming to light, while it is likely there are others that have not yet be...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350508
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coagulation proteases are involved in a highly orchestrated proteolytic cascade which is essential for haemostasis and blood clotting. In particular, the initiator of the coagulation cascade, Factor VIIa, binds to its cofactor, tissue factor, and its substrate, Factor X, via exosite interactions to form a ternary cata...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350555
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Multiple alignments and phylogenetic tree constructions are established techniques for examining the evolutionary history of protease sequences in organisms such as humans, mice, fruitflies, nematode worms and yeast. They also facilitate the mapping of those conserved positions that are important for structure and cat...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350599
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is an important tumour-suppressor gene that encodes a 3-phosphatase. The major substrate of PTEN is PIP(3) (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) generated by the action of PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases). Hereditary mutation of PTEN causes tumour...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350172
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is now well established that PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key enzyme in several intracellular processes, there are still relatively few reports that precisely identify the specific isoforms of PI3K actually involved in such events. The lack of specific inhibitors has made it particularly difficult...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350211
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key regulator of cell growth, metabolism and survival. The frequent activation of the PI3K pathway in cancer has stimulated widespread interest in identifying potent and selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms. The present paper highlights recent progress in identifying such molecul...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350245
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350281
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colon cancer in humans is influenced by both genetic and dietary risk factors. The majority of colon cancers have somatic mutations in the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) tumour-suppressor gene. Dietary arginine enhances the risk of APC-dependent colon carcinogenesis in mouse models by a mechanism involving NOS2 (nit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350322
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The design and synthesis of SpmTrien (1,12-diamino-3,6,9-triazadodecane), an isosteric and charge-deficient analogue of spermine with excellent chelating properties towards Cu(2+) ions, as well as novel N(1)- and N(12)-Ac-SpmTriens and bis-Et-SpmTrien (N(1),N(12)-diethyl-1,12-diamino-3,6,9-triazadodecane) are describe...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350369
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Delineating the molecular pathways underlying seizure-induced neuronal death may yield novel strategies for brain protection against prolonged or repetitive seizures. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and necrosis is a primary contributing mechanism but seizures also activate programmed (apoptotic) cell death pathways...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350421
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on recent insights into the mechanisms and the biological functions of the proteasome. This large ATP-dependent proteolytic complex is the main site for protein degradation in mammalian cells and catalyses the rapid degradation of ubiquitinated proteins, and is the source of most antigenic peptides...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350012
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::CPPs (cell-penetrating peptides) have given rise to much interest for the delivery of biomolecules such as peptides, proteins or ONs (oligonucleotides). CPPs and their conjugates were initially thought to translocate through the cell membrane by a non-endocytotic mechanism which has recently been re-evaluated. Basic-a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350053
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::TRP (transient receptor potential) channels comprise a superfamily of non-selective cation channels with at least seven subfamilies. The variety of subfamilies corresponds to the differences in the activation mechanisms and functions. TRPM3 (TRP melastatin 3) and TRPV4 (TRP vanilloid 3) have been characterized as cati...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350091
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polarized transport of the plant hormone auxin influences multiple growth processes in plants and is regulated by plasma-membrane-localized efflux and uptake carriers. The PGP (P-glycoprotein) ABC transporters (ATP-binding-cassette transporters), PIN (pin-formed) subfamily of major facilitator proteins and members of ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350137
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Other than signalling receptors sustaining leucocyte recruitment during inflammatory reactions, the chemokine system includes 'silent' receptors with distinct specificity and tissue distribution. The best-characterized molecule of this subgroup is the CC chemokine receptor D6, which binds most inflammatory CC chemokin...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0341014
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, I review three new structural studies from our laboratory. First, the crystal structure of RNA polymerase (Pol) II in complex with an RNA inhibitor revealed that this RNA blocks transcription initiation by preventing DNA loading into the active-centre cleft. Secondly, the structure of the SRI (Set2 Rpb1-interact...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0341058
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::NRs (nuclear receptors) regulate the expression of specific gene networks in target cells by recruiting cofactor complexes involved in chromatin remodelling and in the assembly of transcription complexes. The importance of activating gene expression, in metabolic tissues, is well established, but the contribution of t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0341103
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The regulation of macrophage cholesterol homoeostasis is of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, an underlying cause of heart attack and stroke. Several recent studies have revealed a critical role for the cytokine TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta), a key regulator of the immune and infl...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0341141
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An extraordinary array of P450 (cytochrome P450) enzymes are encoded on the genome of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and in related mycobacteria and actinobacteria. These include the first characterized sterol 14alpha-demethylase P450 (CYP51), a known target for azole and triazole drugs in yeasts ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0341178
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::CYP74C3 (cytochrome P450 subfamily 74C3), an HPL (hydroperoxide lyase) from Medicago truncatula (barrel medic), and CYP74A1, an AOS (allene oxide synthase) from Arabidopsis thaliana, are key membrane-associated P450 enzymes in plant oxylipin metabolism. Both recombinant detergent-free enzymes are monomeric proteins wi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0341223
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::After years of setbacks, the perspective of neuroprotective stroke therapy has revived in light of recent study results. We outline in this review how a neuroprotective candidate drug should be developed, beginning with a thorough preclinical evaluation according to the STAIR (Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtab...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0341271
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Findings from gene expression profiling studies are leading to new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that can be applied in medical practice, especially in the field of oncology. Promising results of gene expression profiling of the peripheral blood in patients with ischaemic stroke have been obtained in recent pi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0341313
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective stroke therapies require recanalization of occluded cerebral blood vessels; however, early reperfusion can cause BBB (blood-brain barrier) injury, leading to cerebral oedema and/or devastating brain haemorrhage. These complications of early reperfusion, which result from excess production of ROS (reactive ox...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0341366
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::There has been a revolution in understanding animal development in the last 25 years or so, but there is at least one area of development that has been relatively neglected and therefore remains largely mysterious. This is the intracellular programmes and timers that run in developing precursor cells and change the ce...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0340663
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Ran GTPase controls many cellular functions, including nucleocytoplasmic trafficking, spindle assembly, nuclear assembly and cell-cycle progression. Considerable evidence suggests that diffusible Ran-GTP near mitotic chromatin facilitates the release of critical factors from nuclear transport receptors, thereby pr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340711
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activated tyrosine kinase receptors acquire ubiquitin tags. Ubiquitination governs receptor down-regulation through interaction with components of the endosomal ESCRT (endosomal sorting complexes required for transport) machinery that shepherds receptors into luminal vesicles of multivesicular bodies en route to the l...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340754
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional regulators exhibit changes in phosphorylation that are coincident with their roles in transcriptional activation. It is, however, unclear whether these changes occur as a cause of, or as a result of, transcriptional activation. In this paper, we explore the relationship between these t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340794
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00